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A friendly group of individuals with an interest in presentations and public speaking in general. Share advice and seek techniques from your peers in the discussion group.
카테고리:Business
언어: Chinese
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관리자: samantha (Administrator) 그리고 Wei

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根据统计,在人与人的交流中(when people communicate with each other),有55%是有赖于“看”,38%有赖于“听”,只有7%依赖于语言本身。在演讲中,一张图片、一段录像所能传达的信息都比我们能够用语言表达的要更为充分、完整,也更有效。今天我们就一起来看一下演讲中的视觉工具(visual props)具体可以有哪些,在说明这些工具的应用时用英语又该如何来表达。

 

visual props english

Photo: notionscaptial, creative commons



1。首先我们可以考虑通过我们自身来创造视觉上吸引人的演讲(make a visual presentation of ourselves as speakers):

面部表情(facial expressions),动作,我们台上的站立位置(where we stand on stage)或是姿势(our pose on stage)等都是我们可以用以跟听众交流的方法和工具;比如我们在演讲中是决定站着、坐着,或者要一个讲台等等,这些都起到作用。还有就是我们需要注意不要佩戴过分张扬的饰品和发型等,因为这会容易令听众分心。

I don't need a podium because I want my audience to feel that this is more of an interactive speech than a lecture.
我不需要一个讲台,因为我希望我的听众能够觉得这是一个互动性强的演讲,不是要发表谈话。

I want to move around from time to time, so I'll be standing during my speech.  This way I can feel like I have a better command of the stage.
我希望能够时不时地在台上走动,所以我选择站着演讲。这样我也可以觉得我在台上有更好的掌控能力。



2。再来我们要确保我们可能应用到的幻灯片或是图像等视觉工具(visual props we use)和咱们演讲的主题和风格相匹配(matches our theme and presentation style):

Have you noticed how I have everything color-coded, from my graphs to my slides, and even to my handouts? 
你是否注意到了我将所有(演讲材料)都用不同颜色做了标记?不管是图表到PPT幻灯片,甚至是我的演讲内容提纲我都用颜色做了不同标记。



3。最后是我们的声音和表达技巧运用。我们可以采用变化语调(vary the voice and pitch),引入同类对比(use similes/metaphors)、对比强调(use compare and contrast)等等的语言表达技巧(literary techniques);这些可以帮助听众进入我们所勾勒出来的一些意境联想,由此来加深他们对演讲内容的了解和印象。

I like to convey different emotions in my speech.  For example, I'll raising the pitch of my voice when I get excited about something in the presentation. 
我喜欢在演讲时与听众传达不同的感情色彩。比如演讲中有内容是特别让人兴奋的,我会适当地提高我的声音和语调。

Or I'll pause and let my voice trail off when I feel like that we need to take a moment to digest the information we've just been given.
或者当我觉得我们应该有一段时间来好好吸收一下演讲当中的信息的,我也会做个停顿,让我的声音自然、缓慢地消去。

 

 

你们在演讲中会注意哪些视觉效果运用呢?听众的反应如何?


compare and contrast presentation

Photo: Kevin Rosseel, creative commons

 

在一次演讲中,相对来说,我们总会有一些内容是特别希望突出的(wants to emphasize specific parts of the presentation),而有其他内容则是有绿叶衬托的辅助作用(supportive and complementing effect)。那么对于重要的内容或问题,我们需要特别加以强调,使其得以突出,以便给听众留下深刻印象。要达到强调的目的,是必须借助一定的方法和技巧的(with the help of certain method and technique),其中最常用的方法就是通过两种事物的对照比较(compare and contrast between two things),从而使所要表现的事物和思想鲜明突出,让人容易产生相应的联想,继而加深对之的印象和感悟。

今天我们就一起来看一下如何来运用对比强调技巧来为咱们的演讲增添几分精彩吧。

1。首先我们举例看一下一些名人以及文学作品中的对比强调说法应用:

--比如1961年1月20日,美国总统肯尼迪向全体美国人发表了堪称经典的总统就职演说:“不要问你们的国家能给予你们什么,问一问你能为你的国家做些什么(ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country)”。

--或是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯所著《双城记》故事开头对那动荡不安年代的精彩对比叙述:

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times...
“这是一个最好的时代,亦是一个最绝望的时代。。。

we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,
我们是拥有了所有的可能性,亦可以说我们的前端就是一张空白,

we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way…”
我们可能一起直接入天堂,亦可以是我们直接一起入地狱。。。”


2。那么有哪些常用的英语对比表达是我们可以经常试着应用在自己各自的演讲场合,以期加深人们对某重点内容的印象的?


On one hand we have the … , on the other hand we are …
一方面我们有这些情况。。。另一方面我们又是另外一种情况。。。

For one thing, we can say that..., but when view from another angle it can also be said that...
就一方面来说的话,我们可以说。。。,但如果从另一角度来看的话,亦可以这么来理解。。。

China has a population of 1,325 million, which is over four times as much of that of the 300 million in the USA.
中国人口统计大概达到13.25亿左右,是美国的3亿人口的整整四倍还要多。

For almost everything we do, we must hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
我们在做任何事情的时候,我们必须希望有个最好的结果,但亦有必要做好最坏的打算。

It may be that we are at this point right now...but that doesn't stop us to try and strive for this other better goal.
就算我们现在是在这个阶段水平。。。但这并不妨碍我们再接再厉,努力往另一个更好的目标前进。

Most times in life, it is not what you do that matters the most, but the way you do it that distinguishes you.
很多时候在人生当中并不一定是你做了什么才算数,更多的时候是你如何来做到某件成就,你的独特思维和方法令你比别人出众。

 

 

你们是否还想到其他对照比较的好例子的?跟我们分享一下吧。


personal connection presentation

 

其实你们知道吗?我们要与听众建立互动联系(make an interactive connection with the audience)最好还是在我们正式切入演讲主题之前做些努力(try some efforts before getting into the presentation topic),比如我们的演讲是45分钟的,那么最好是在演讲前面3-5分钟先花点时间跟听众做个互动,因为许多人对“陌生人”(strangers)所讲的大道理一般都有些抵抗心理(put off by the big talks and moralistic suggestions),但如果是“熟人”(aquaintances)所提的建议,那他们可能会更乐意接受(be more willing to accept advice)。这个互动环节我们可以不用提到有关演讲主题,充分跟听众做个个性化沟通(make a personalized connection with audience),那么接下来需要听众集中聆听的演讲主题内容他们也会较易于接纳、吸收。今天我们就来谈一下有关正式演讲前如何来花点时间跟听众联络一下感情,也顺道学一下实用的英语短语表达吧。

1。如果前面有人介绍咱们上场的,或是我们是某人之邀来到该会场演讲的(mention those that had invited us for the presentation),可点名道姓,对对方表达一下感谢:

I would like to take the time to thank Mr. Robert Wong for inviting me to speak to you all today.  It's such a pleasure.
我希望利用这个时间对罗伯特﹒王先生表达一下我的感谢,因为是他邀请我来这边跟你们演讲的,真的是很荣幸。

2。亦可以说一下我们在来演讲会场路上的一些有趣见闻(talk about fun experiences on the way to the presentation venue),跟观众随便聊几句:

On my way here I had a little run-in with the traffic police for a missing tail light again...third time so far.  I never seem to remember to get it fixed.  Old habits do stink.
我在来这边的路上又碰上了交通警察,因为我的车后边有个车灯不亮。。。第三次了。我老是忘了带去修理。老习惯/老毛病还真糟糕。

3。提一下有关演讲地点所在(where you're holding your presentation)的小镇或是这里的群众(talk about the town and its people),如果你是第一次来到该地,那么更是可以讲一下自己的感受、所见所闻:

This is a beautiful town and the people are so friendly.  I had almost gotten lost the other day because it is my first time here.  And this fella on the street, when I had asked him for directions, said that he'd walk with me and we chatted like old friends the whole way.
这个小镇风景宜人,民众也特别友善。有一次我差一点就迷路了,因为我是第一次来。然后就碰到一小伙,当我跟他问路之后,他就提出跟我一起走一段,我们就这么像老朋友一样,一路上聊得很愉快。

4。主动提出让听众们活动一下筋骨,一起做一个简单的体操(engage them in a little physical activity):

I propose that we try a little stretch exercise.  You must feel cramped sitting in that chair, and I've got to speak for another 30 minutes.  Okay, everybody please stand up and stretch your hands over your head and pull...like this...
我建议我们一起试着做个伸展操。你们一直坐在椅子上,肯定感觉不舒畅,我还要讲个30分钟呢。好的,大家请站起来,把双手伸过头,往外拉一下。。。像我这样。。。
 

 

 

怎么样?下一次不妨试一下效果吧。

Photo: vancouverfilmschool, creative commons


我们在之前的几篇博文中也讨论过演讲引言的重要作用(importance of having an effective opening),不仅需要引导听众了解演讲的内容(lead audience to understand what our presentation is all about),更要启发他们的思路(to inspire them to derive their own logic about the subject),调动他们的情绪跟我们互动(to provoke them to interact with us emotionally),接而产生共鸣(to establish rapport)。那么有一种实用方法可以让我们迅速抓住以上几点,那就是我们可以将听众加入到我们的演讲开场白中(involve the audience in our opening),多提一下“你们”与“我”的联系(make frequent mention and connection between 'you' and 'I'),通过语言运用(use language skills)来跟听众彼此贴近距离(to draw audience closer to us and our presentation)

 


1。比如我们在演讲开头希望描述一段个人经历来开始引入演讲主题。



-一个更好贴近听众的说法:


Imagine you are with me on that September morning in 1999 as the gigantic boulder loomed ahead, blocking the road...
试着联想一下你那天跟我在一起,1999年9月份的某一天早晨,就有这么一块巨大石头出现在不远处,挡住了我们的去路。。。


如果你不把听众加入到引言中的话,可能就会这么说,效果就很不一样:

I was driving to my meeting in Atlantic City one September morning in 1999 when I encountered this gigantic boulder blocking my road...
我在1999年9月份的某一天早晨正开车去参加在大西洋城(美国新泽西州)的一场会议,我就碰到有一块巨大石头挡住了去路。。。

 


2。或是我们希望在演讲开头引用名言、警句来概括演讲内容。



-最佳贴近听众的说法:

How many of you have heard of the Golden Rule?  And I'm not talking making money, but from that ethical standpoint...
你们当中有几位听说过所谓的黄金法则?我不是在说赚钱的定律,我讲的是由社会道德考虑出发。。。


-如果不注意加入听众的话,可能就会这么说:

There is a well-known Golden Rule:  Do unto others as you would have them do unto you...
有个众所周知的“黄金法则”:我们希望人家怎样待我们,我们也要怎样待人。。。

 

 


3。演讲开头我们希望“开门见山”、“一针见血”,直接引入演讲主题。



-最佳贴近听众的说法:

What would you say defines a good customer service?  A very wise salesperson once told me this, and I want to pass this on to you: If you aren’t taking care of your customers, your competition will...   
你们觉得最好的客户服务应该是怎么样的?一个很有智慧的营业员就曾跟我说过,我也希望跟你们分享一下:如果你不照顾好你的客户,那么你的竞争对手就将取你而代之。。。


-较为普通的说法:


I am here to talk about three basic ways to improve on customer service and why they can help you gain an edge over competition.
我今天将谈到用以提高、增强客户服务的三种基本措施,并说明它们为什么能够帮你赢过行业竞争对手。

 

 

 

下一次不妨多试一下把听众加入到你的演讲开头当中来,试试看效果如何吧。

 

 


 


在许多场合,我们被授予某些奖项或是称号时可能就需要发表一下演讲致辞或是获奖感言(give an acceptance speech)。那么这样的一份演讲致辞需要如何来撰写呢?如果需要我们即兴发挥的,又有哪些方面的考虑呢?最后用英语发表获奖感言又有哪些常用短语表达?

-首先,获奖感言基本上有这么一个框架:

1。首先我们需要扼要表达一下自己的获奖心情;

I am so happy that you have selected me to receive this award...
我真是太高兴了,您能够选择我来接受此奖项。。。

I am so thrilled to have the honor...  我真是太激动了,有此荣幸。。。

I am just honored that you have named me to receive this award...
我很荣幸您能够选择我来接受此奖项。。。

2。再来应简单而全面地对你获奖给予过帮助的师长、父母、同学、朋友,甚至观众(要具体看你得的是什么奖而定)表示一下感激之情;

I couldn't have accomplished this without the help of...
没有以下这些人的帮助我是无法获得今天的成就的。。。

I would like to take this moment to thank... 
我希望在此时此刻对以下这些人表达一下我的感谢。。。

I am forever grateful to those that had helped me achieve this...
对于那些帮助我走到今天的人我永怀感激。。。

3。最后是要阐述一下自己对未来的目标或设想,表示要再接再厉,争创好的成绩,并希望他们继续支持你;

With your continued support, I hope to achieve more goals down the line...
有了你们的继续支持,我希望能够继续再接再厉,取得更多的成绩。。。

I rely on your support to help me attain bigger goals for our company/institution/organization...
我有赖于你们的支持,一起来为我们的公司/机构/协会取得更大的目标实现。。。

It is your consistent support that will help me strive for becoming that better man/woman/leader...
正是因为有了你们一贯的支持,我将会再接再厉,争取做个更好的人/领导。。。

-如果需要我们即兴演讲的,也不需要紧张,只要把握以上框架就基本上万无一失了,当然还要记得应用关联词语来表达句子之间逻辑关系,使句子连贯,统一。

First off/firstly/secondly/thirdly  首先/第一/第二/第三

And/or/but/also  还有/或是/但是/还有就是

For example/for instance/take for example  举例/比如/就举这么个例子来说

Above all/in summary/overall  最重要的是/概括地说/整体来说

-最后,我们再来补充一些名人们在发表获奖致辞时喜欢用的英语短语表达,来感受一下他们的感染力。

-Russell Crowe以他主演的Gladiator获得奥斯卡最佳男演员奖时就曾说过他(dedicate)即指把奖项“献给那些都曾经经历过困境、处于逆境的人们”(to everyone that has seen the downside of disadvantage)。

-Martin Luther King在1964年获得诺贝尔奖致辞时就说道:我是代表所有热爱和平、友情的人接受此奖项的(I accept this prize on behalf of all men who love peace and brotherhood)。

 



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